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Sir James Anderton, then chief constable of Greater Manchester Police, faced calls to quit after making the comments, which were perceived as homophobic.

Now documents secured by the Manchester Evening News give an incredible insight into the 1986 political storm – and show how close the country’s second largest police force came to meltdown.

It can revealed that the government staged a series of crisis meetings aimed at keeping Sir James in post, and that other chief constables accused Sir James of ‘bringing ridicule’ on the police service.

The papers also show that senior civil servants were dismayed over the top cop’s ‘religious overtones’ and feared he had a ‘taste for martyrdom’, but that MrsThatcher, the then Prime Minister, privately backed Sir James’s right to speak out – and stamped down demands for a public inquiry into the state of the force.

Confidential letters and memos reveal for the first time how the government worked to patch up a rift between the chief constable and local police bosses which would have thrown the beleaguered force into chaos.

Sir James – who headed Greater Manchester Police between 1975 and 1991 – was arguably Britain’s best known policeman, attracting national attention for his outspoken views.

But his day-to-day duties were overshadowed when he addressed a police training event in Manchester, telling the audience that HIV and Aids patients were “swirling around in a human cesspool of their own making”.

Weeks later he repeated the comments in an interview on a BBC religious programme.

The comments were viewed as an inflammatory attack on homosexuals.

Graham Stringer, then Manchester council leader, wrote to then home secretary Douglas Hurd calling for him to reprimand the officer.

The council, he wrote, was used to the chief constable expressing his “unusual personal views” but “on this occasion James Anderton has just gone too far”.

“The chief constable is irresponsible and must be brought to task for what should be seen as a serious breach of discipline,” he wrote.

The declassified dossier also reveals how Mrs Thatcher defended Sir James’ right to voice his opinions – although she did not indicate whether or not she backed his views – and brushed off calls for a public inquiry.

In a note to the Home Office, her private secretary wrote: “The Prime Minister has commented that it would be outrageous if the Chief Constable were required to seek clearance for all his public speaking engagements.”

Sir James was also president of the police chiefs’ association Acpo and his inflammatory comments also raised the ire of his colleagues.

Sir Lawrence Byford, the chief inspector of constabulary, described a hastily convened meeting of chief constables from other forces.

“Mr Anderton was told that some of his recent public statements had brought ridicule upon both the association and the police service and had helped fuel the case of left wing militants.”

He added: “He is his own worst enemy. at his best he captures the public’s imagination and support when he articulates his views so persuasively but then he tends to ruin his fruitful endeavours by going too far with his extreme language and religious overtones.”

The comments were also the last straw for Greater Manchester Police Authority, the body made up of elected representatives from the region’s councils.

Several of its members were now calling for the chief constable’s head.

Although the authority did not have the formal power to sack the chief constable – a vote of no confidence would make it impossible for him to continue.

A memo drafted by the police authority clerk Roger Rees warned that if the chief constable did not reassure authority members then a vote of no confidence would take place.

He added: “If such a breakdown in relationships occured and such a resultion is passed… the position of the chief constable would become very difficult if not impossible… and in the long term the position is untenable.”

And, while primarily concerned with smoothing over the row, Home Office staff also considered what action they might have to take.

Sir Brian Cubbon, a senior Home Office civil servant, wrote: “The private message to Ms Anderton should be, after much concern for his position, that the Secretary of State is bound to be concerned … In these circumstances it could ultimately become very difficult for him to avoid taking some action himself. That would be enough of a signal that section 29 [of the Police Act, which would allows chief constables to be removed] is not totally off the horizion.”

In an effort to calm the storm, GMP chairman Stephen Murphy sought to rein in the police chief from further controversial remarks.

Meeting with the Home Office in January 1987, mr Murphy said the authority wanted mr Anderton in future to seek clearance before he undertook public speaking engagements.

A ‘gagging letter’ – to this effect – had been drafted by the police authority but Home Office officials persuaded them not to send it to the police chief until they had exhausted the diplomatic process.

Days later, Sir James was summoned to London for a meeting with senior civil servants. before the meeting, Sir Michael Partridge, another senior civil servant, had warned of the difficulties in handling the police chief, writing: “It will be difficult to persuade mr Anderton to accept any criticism of his behaviour. He feels persecuted and embattled in his fight against what he sees as evil forces, not only in his Police Authority but in the country at large.

“But we must try… to get him to see that everyone is not against him, and that he must thing of others.. and not so much of himself and his conscience.”

Another Home Office memo also warned that the police chief had a “possible taste for martyrdom”.

Minutes from the discussion reveal Anderton felt unfairly treated by the BBC who ‘had edited his radio interview very heavily’ and misrepresented his comments.

But he also appeared to have had no idea that the remarks would cause controversy.

The minutes for the meeting stated: “Despite the fact that the BBC had made it clear to him that the broadcast would offer an opportunity for him to clarify his position on AIDS, mr Anderton clearly thought that there would have been no reason for him to anticipate any controversy.”

It continued: “Mr Anderton said that he was governed in all that he did by his religious beliefs and that, indeed, police officers were daily called upon in court to take an oath on the Bible: religious beliefs and police work could not, therefore, be entirely separated.”

December brought the first calendar day of winter, but tonight, West Michigan will see the first of the season’s cold temperatures and heavy snowfall that are trademark of lakeshore life.   The snowy season is here, meteorologists say. An Ottawa County Central Dispatcher stopped between calls tonight only to say roads are “very, very, bad” with police responding to crashes — injury, property damage and rollovers — all over the county. No serious injuries were reported. A busy dispatcher in Allegan County could not immediately comment on road conditions there, though police scanner traffic showed units responding to crashes on U.S. 131 and I-196 as well as county roads. Brandon Hoving, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Grand Rapids, said Holland will see the brunt of this winter weather compared to cities inland. Snowfall will be the heaviest from 8 tonight until about 2 a.m. Monday, Hoving said, as temperatures fall into the low 20s. Much of the rain that collected on roads this morning could freeze over, creating ice that, coupled with the snow, could make things ugly. Snowfall accumulation through Monday evening in the Holland area is expected to total between 6 to 10 inches with as much as a foot falling near South Haven, Hoving said. West Michigan is under a winter storm warning through Monday night. North, in Traverse City, forecasters issued a blizzard warning for heavier snowfall there. Winds along the lakeshore in Holland topped out between 50 and 60 mph today — likely about as high as they’ll get during this storm, Hoving said.

Cars passed through Holland State Park throughout the day as familes pulled up for a closer look at the growing waves. A few brave visitors walked across the beach against blowing sand and snow, struggling to stand.

Forecasters warned of power outages in the area today, but Hoving said that danger might be past. “if we held on without power outages so far, I think we’ll be in better shape,” he said. but higher than normal winds will persist. Meteorologists advised keeping an eye on the weather Monday morning. “It will be snowing quite heavily out there and the visibility will be at times about a quarter of a mile,” Hoving said, noting those conditions already were present earlier today in parts of Kent County. The cold front blowing through West Michigan has already hit Minnesota and northern Wisconsin with snowfall and caused temperatures to fall there. but as it crosses Lake Michigan, Hoving said, it will intensify. “That’s kind of our claim to fame,” he said of lakeshore communities. Fortunately, the storm is a “brief shot of cold air and snow,” Hoving said. Temperatures by Friday are expected to climb back into the upper 30s.  

BY GBENGA OKEYou were Secretary to the Rivers State Government  when violence by militants ravaged the state and the Niger Delta region. How did the state government manage the violence vis-à-vis the Federal Government Amnesty programme?

The truth of the matter is that Rivers State Government under Governor Rotimi Amaechi did not think that Amnesty should be granted. Before the amnesty programme, we already had a programme in Rivers State. We have a rehabilitation camp and the Federal Government Amnesty committee actually learns a lot from us on what we were doing but we did not give any of the militants money.

Because we did not think there is any rationale to give money to people, who have carried guns against their country and were doing things we all agreed was wrong. yet we could forgive them, but we did not want to give them privileges and that was why we did not subscribe to giving them money.

However, once the Federal Government took the decision on Amnesty, as Nigerians we have to respect the decision and cue into the programme and ensure that it works.

How will you advise the Federal Government to tackle the issue of Boko Haram?

I have told you that l will always respect the Governor of Rivers state for his personal courage in fighting this type insurgency in the state. I will like if the federal government can use the Rivers approach in Borno state to tackle the issue of Boko Haram. for me, l do not know what the Boko Haram sect wants and their agitation. there is so much about the Boko Haram that if one is not careful, what you will be saying will be speculative.

What l want to say about the issue is that it requires leadership and total courage. Courage on the part of the leadership and the leadership must adopt consistency approach.

Besides, l wants to commend mr President for voting more money in the security in the 2012 appropriation. however, money without proper leadership, monitoring and commitment will not achieve the desire result. But you must have money to be able to fight insecurity. Because whatever instruments you chose it has to be paid for. So money is important but a lot of other factors are involved.

As a member of Senate Committee on Security, l have the opportunities of been briefed severally by the National Security Adviser (NSA) and Director General of the State security Service (SSS) and l must say that lam very impressed by what they have told the Committee and what l have seen because security detail is not what you discuss in public but l know that a lot of work have gone into it.  I think security is about persistent and consistent and you will get the result.

In security, when they succeed nobody praises them. As a member of Senate committee on Security, I know there are a lot of things have been done by the SSS which are not known to the public. Fighting insecurity is a very thankless job. however, they need to be focused, consistent and avoid distractions as well as full political support of the leadership and the community.

In Rivers State when we brought in the Military Joint Task Force (JTF), the people were saying that they did not want them but the state government insisted that the JTF must be there and we kept talking to the Soldiers to be humane.

Sincerely, God blessed us with crop of humane Soldiers who earned the confidence of the people, because without the confidence, tackling insecurity will be difficult. When we came in as government, the people of Rivers State were hailing the Militants as their saviour but the government has to turn around the table by building confidence in the people.

The Boko Haram issue is a challenge that we must overcome. take for instance, there was a time in Israel when bombs were going up everyday but today they have overcome it.

Will you however say the Amnesty programme has achieved its desire result?

Well, I can say it has achieved what it was intended to achieve. At least, the oil production has gone up and there is less violence in the Niger Delta region. I will commend the present approach being put in place by the Amnesty managers which is focusing on education.

We believe in education and any money put into education is not wasted. I believe investment in education will always yield something positive at the end of the day. apart from investing on education, paying money to people who were not doing anything is like giving opportunities to people who have not earned their weight properly in the society.

The long term effect may not be helpful to the society. however, l commend the federal government on the aspect of education. But for me, thinking strategically on the long term effect on the society, l did not support the payment of money to the militants.

I commend late President Musa Yar’Adua who initiated the Amnesty Programme and I equally commend the focus which President Goodluck Jonathan has brought into it as well as the current managers of the programme for placing emphasis on education.

What is the position of the Senate on the removal of fuel subsidy by the federal government?

There was a time in this country when they say if there are private Radio and Television stations, Nigeria is going to collapse but here we are today, there are private radio and television stations and Nigeria today is very successful in that regard. Today, private stations are giving voice to the voiceless and scores of Nigerians are working in these stations.

In Ghana, there is no subsidy and Ghanaians are doing businesses and are living well. Nigerian need to actually focus on what is important. We have the culture that everything is being shared and must be shared. that anything that will affect what we are sharing must not be allowed to work.

In Nigeria, Oil is a generational wealth. it was created by our ancestors. Is it right for one generation to use the resource from oil to buy petrol, shoes, for payment of their own salaries e.t.c. without considering future generations?

We should ask ourselves what are our own contributions to this generational wealth and what are we doing to develop this generational wealth? if we use oil money to pay our recurrent bills and the oil dried off, what will happen to the future of our children.

For instance, England was a very small country but with the opportunity they have they created in infrastructural base in Maritime sector among others, they conquered the world and created a financial base.

As for me, the whole conversation about fuel subsidy is misplaced. We need to actually look at what direction this country is heading towards. it is sad that Nigeria is not a productive and wealth creating country. our concern is to share everything that comes our way.

Every position is being given to people on the basis of what to share. anything that will affect the sharing becomes a problem and nobody is concerned about it.

In 2012 Nigeria budget is about N4.7 trillion. what is the total in dollars? Then we should ask what is the total budget of Havard University annually. We cannot continue to run a country of about 160 million population like a country of about 10 million people. Nigeria today is a very poor nation, unless we create wealth Nigeria cannot develop. We should look at the economy holistically and draw from its values.

In the few months you have spent as Senator, how will you access the relationship between the Senators and will you say so far the Senate is working towards achieving the desired goals it set out for?

In the Senate, there is nothing like new entrant or old entrant. We are all peers. my people voted for me and that is why l got to the Senate. I was not appointed by an old Senator. there is nobody in the Senate that is not experienced.

In the Senate, there are retired Police officers, Justices, former Ministers, Governors, House of Representatives members’ e.t.c. for instance, I was a former Minority Leader in Rivers State House of Assembly. the seventh senate which l belong  is a united senate.

What l always say is that the people need to support the legislature. if you do not fund the legislature there is nothing we can do. for instance, if you are building a house, you will allocate money to buy materials, pay labour and supervisors.

Nobody has ever asked the legislators what are their constraints. the Legislature needs the support of everybody. Nigerians need to be educated about the roles of the legislature. and it is sad that Nigerians are not supporting the Legislature. Without that support, if we allow the Legislature to run to the executive for support, then we will loose the respect and integrity.

If we want true democracy, the Legislature must be funded and supported because the success of the Legislature is the success of the democracy.

Anita Shirley Joselyn MD Assistant professor, Department of Anesthesia, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Amar Nandakumar MD Assistant professor, Department of Anesthesia, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Rebecca Jacob 25 Lewis Road, Cooke Town Bangalore, India. Shyamkumar Nidugala Keshava DNB FRCR FRANZCR Professor, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India PA Saravanan MD Assistant professor, Department of Anesthesia, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India Citation:  a.S. Joselyn, a. Nandakumar, R. Jacob, S.N. Keshava & P. Saravanan: Anesthetic Considerations for Radiofrequency Ablation In a Child. The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2009 Volume 22 Number 1Keywords:  Radiofrequency ablation, hepatocellular carcinoma, tumour lysis syndrome, tyrosinemia

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular tumors are associated with complications. There are very few case reports of radiofrequency ablation procedures in children. We discuss about the anaesthetic management and considerations in a child undergoing radiofrequency ablation for a hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radio Frequency Ablation techniques were introduced in medicine in the 1980s, by interventional cardiologists to treat cardiac arrhythmias1. The procedure requires directly placing an electrode into the tissue and attaching it to a Radiofrequency (RF) generator. RF energy is emitted from the electrode into the surrounding tumor/tissue so as to create an RF electrical field. The alternating electric current, in the range of RF waves (usually 400–500 kHz), causes ion agitation in the tissue and a localized heating effect, followed by coagulation necrosis and finally cellular death2. such RF coagulation is called desiccation. Sonography plays an important role in the guidance of both percutaneous and intraoperative RFA procedures. It provides real-time images for positioning the RF electrode and monitoring the thermal lesion.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat tumors in adults has been widely reported. with the exception of osteoid osteomas, there have been few reports in which RFA has been used to treat tumors in children3, 4

A 9 year old female child, a known case of tyrosinemia type I, with history of icterus since the age of one year presented to us with hepatocellular carcinoma. she was being prepared for orthoptic liver transplantation. Radiofrequency ablation of the hepatocellular carcinoma was planned as a bridge procedure to transplantation. Examination revealed vital signs were within normal limits but she had peripheral signs of liver cell failure. on investigation hematocrit was 39%, platelet count – 43000/cubic mm, APTT was prolonged by 10sec and INR was 1.53. Echocardiogram showed a clinically insignificant PDA of 1mm.

she was premedicated with oral lorazepam 1 mg, 1hr prior to the procedure. Coagulopathy was corrected with 2 units of FFP and 2 units of platelets. Monitoring included ECG, Sp02 NIBP, ETCO2 and temperature. she was induced with fentanyl 1mcg/ kg body wt, propofol 2 mg/ kg body wt and a 2 ½ size LMA was placed. Anaesthesia was maintained on spontaneous ventilation with air, oxygen and sevoflurane. Preoperative hypothermia was not induced due to smaller size lesion and the procedure was done in an airconditioned room.

The tumor was localized with ultrasound and skin was infiltrated with 2% lignocaine. RITA () RF system was used for the procedure. a 15cm RF needle (StarBurstXL 15 cms length, 3-5 cms ablation) was used with ultrasound guidance. a 10ml bolus of propofol was given intravenously and breath was held during the time when needle was introduced into the lesion. There was no abdominal distension during breath holding The target temperature was set at 105 degrees C. The probe was gradually opened upto 4cm. Once the target temperature was reached, RF ablation was performed for 8 min. The needle was retracted with track ablation. Procedure was uneventful. Patient was shifted to pediatric ICU for monitoring. Child was discharged 48 hours post procedure without any complications

1 RFA is often done under conscious sedation and local anaesthesia in adults.5Children, require general anaesthesia since they find it difficult to lie still, cannot tolerate pain and have difficulty in understanding and following instructions (e.g. breath holding).

2. The complications of anaesthetising a child in a remote location.

3. Standard grounding electrodes are often too large for small children and smaller ones may be needed. Since pediatric grounding pads have less cross-sectional area than adult pads, the maximum wattage (60 W) should be maintained below the manufacturer’s instruction-for-use (90 W) to reduce the possibility of creating skin burns at the pad sites3.

4. Intra and post procedural complications include hyperthermia (hyperthermia is more in a child compared to adults due to higher heat delivery relative to body volume)6,7, tumor lysis syndrome (cell death)8, fever and flu like symptoms( inflammatory mediators)9, pain, subcutaneous hematoma, thermal injury to adjacent organs.

• General anaesthesia with adequate pain control,

• Availability of emergency drugs and equipment as it is remote location anaesthesia

• Baseline and post procedural electrolytes,

• Induction of hypothermia for larger lesions7,

• Intraoperative measurement of temperature and

• Post procedural admission in hospital for monitoring.

1. Gallagher JJ, Svenson RH, Kassell JH. Catheter technique for closed-chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. N Eng J Med 1982; 306: 194-200. 2. Goldberg SN, Gazelle GS, Solbiati L, Rittman WJ, Mueller PR. Radiofrequency tissue ablation increased lesion diameter with a perfusion electrode. Acad Radiol 1996; 3:636–644. 3. Shiels WE, Brown SD. Radiofrequency tumor ablation in children. In: vanSonnenberg E, McMullen W, Solbiati L (eds) Tumor ablation: principles and practice.2005. Springer, new York 4. Hoffer FA. Interventional radiology in pediatric oncology. Eur J Radiol 2005 53:3–13. 5. Chakravorty N, Jaiswal S, Devashish D, Jain R K , Agarwal R C. Anaesthetic management of radiofrequency tumor ablation : our experience, Indian journal of anesthesia. 2006; 50: 123-127. 6. Hoffer F a ,Campos a , Xiong X, Wu S, Oigbokie N & Proctor K. Core body temperature regulation of pediatric patients during radiofrequency ablation. Pediatr Radiol 2007; 37:297–300. 7. Sawada M, Watanabe S, Tsuda H, Kano T. an increase in body temperature during radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:1416–20. 8. Lehner S G, Gould J E, Saad W E a, Brown DB. Tumor Lysis Syndrome after Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. AJR 2005; 185:1307–1309. 9. Wah T M, Arellano R S, Gervais D a, Saltalamacchia C a, Martino J, Halpern E F, Maher M, and Mueller P R. Image-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation and Incidence of Post–Radiofrequency Ablation Syndrome: Prospective Survey. Radiology 2005 237: 1097-1102.

Laser scanning equipment being used at the scene of a motorway crash investigation

SPEEDING up investigations to get major roads in Herts and Beds open again after crashes is a step nearer reality.

Hertfordshire Police Authority has been successful in bidding for money from the Department of Transport to provide state of the art laser scanning technology.

It will help reduce the amount of time that roads are closed following serious collisions.

The authority has secured over £200,000 of which £158,000 is provided by the department.

The money will be used to buy laser scanners that quickly and efficiently collect information from road traffic collisions. This allows the police to gather any information that is required for future legal action while only closing the road for a minimal period of time.

Hertfordshire has one of the largest concentrations of major roads in the country including the A1 and M1.

David Lloyd, police authority chairman, said: “We are delighted to be working with the Government to improve highway efficiency in the county.

“Hertfordshire has some of the busiest roads in the whole country so using new technology to reduce accident investigation time is very welcome. the Department for Transport scheme is an excellent example of how public bodies can work together to make improvements for the public.”

Transport minister Mike Penning, the MP for Hemel Hempstead, said: “There is nothing more frustrating than being stuck in a traffic jam for hours on end. but even worse than that is the shocking £1 billion cost of those lost hours for our economy.

“That is why we are determined to improve clear-up times following accidents so we can get our motorways re-opened as quickly as possible.

“Today’s £158,270 DfT funding award to Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire police will see 3D laser scanners rolled out quickly where they are needed most. This will benefit drivers by reducing incident clear up times by 39 minutes on average.”

60% Off Sale Today only. To celebrate our 11 millionth download, we have dropped the price to its lowest ever.

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Listen to real events happening live in other parts of the world or in your local town. Listen to airport control tower chatter in the background while you run other apps. Listen to new music as you surf the web. Share the music you are listening to with your friends. they do not need to buy this app to listen to the feeds that you share with them.

✪ Features ✪- Listen to feeds in the background while you run other apps or write emails/text messages.- Chat with other listeners in real time.- International support. there are feeds in almost all parts of the world, including USA, Canada, Australia, Chile, Russia, Japan, Sweden, UK, Israel, Europe, and more.- Automatically attempts to reconnect the feed if you lose the connection.- Browse one of the largest collection (35,000+) of feeds you will ever find in the app store.- Search through the feeds with any keywords (enter your city name to find local radio stations).- Browse through feeds by genre (Police, Railroad, Rock, Pop, Hip-Hop, R & B, etc.)- Customizable Interface. Download new skins for free or create your skins. Go to SmartestApple.com/skins for more skins.- Integrated map finds your location and the location of most scanner feeds.- List the top 100 most-listened to feeds so that you wouldn't miss an important event- Catalog is instantly updated as soon as you start browsing it, with new feeds added every few hours.- Built-in Web Browser; so that you can browse the web while using this app. The built-in web browser is a powerful browser that can block ads.- use the built-in web browser to browse the web for more feeds such as air traffic control feeds, weather, and railroad.- Search for air traffic control feeds by the airport code (i.e. LAX, JFK, HKG).- Share feeds to your friends by email. All they need is a computer or iPhone to listen to your feeds.- Listen to feeds on your own desktop computer or laptop. just email a link to the feed to yourself and open it with iTunes.- You location not listed here? Add your own feeds. there are plenty of feeds on the internet. Now you can add them all to one app.- your favorite feeds show up as soon as you start the app, and they can be sorted/edited by you.

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✪ Feed Requests ✪Want to make a feed request or a list of available police feeds? Go to SmartestApple.com for more information on how to do so.

© 2009-12 Dr. James Leung

The Scottsboro City Councilunanimously agreed Monday evening to accept a state bid contractfrom Sharp Communications, of Huntsville, for a new city wide radiosystem.

The Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) has mandated that all non-federal public safetylicensees migrate from wide band to narrow band for radiofrequencies by 2013.

Led by Police Chief RalphDawe, the city researched over a year before choosing to go with adigital trunking system when making the change. 

The city accepted the statebid at a cost of $213,000, despite a presentation by Lamar Miller,of Huntsville Radio. 

Miller asked the council toconsider putting the radio system out for public bid and forgousing the state bid price. 

Miller said his bid was inthe amount of $172,080.50, a $41,459.63 savings to thecity.

“I’m scratching my head,”Miller told council members. “You are only assuring the best pricefor the same system.”

Huntsville Radio and SharpCommunications are both Motorola dealers, the brand the city isinstalling. 

Council member Keith Smithsaid Tuesday he voted in favor of the state bid on therecommendation of Dawe, who he added had been doing research forover a year. 

“I’ve been dealing with statebids all of my life,” said Smith. “And it appeared to me all thetalk [of putting it out for public bid] was not entirelyaccurate.”

Nick Goodman, arepresentative from Sharp Communications, said there was nothinghidden from his company, in the state bid.

“We feel confident enough, ifthere is anything left out, we’ll eat those costs.”

As part of Miller’s bid, hesaid his company would do a $100 trade-in on the city’s old radioequipment, something the state bid doesn’t allow. 

A trade-in deal, according toMayor Melton Potter, would have brought in a little less than$21,000. 

Potter said, by declaring theequipment surplus and placing online, the city believes it can getup to $30,000 for the old equipment. 

According to Dawe, one of themain reasons in going with the new system is dead spots in the citywith analog wide band. 

“We can’t afford for oursignal to get weaker with a narrow band,” said Dawe. “We alreadyhave bad reception in some spots.”

Sharp said concerns ofoutside agencies being able to contact Scottsboro, in the newdigital trunking system, wasn’t a concern at all.

“An outside agency cancontact dispatch, then switch to a common frequency,” said Sharp.”It’s as easy as turning a knob or pushing a button.”

Smith said, in all of hisyears working for the city, he’s never seen all departments have agood radio system at the same time.

“This way, all departmentswill have equal, quality equipment,” said Smith. “It’s just theright thing to do.”

Sharp said the new systemwould not have any impact on 911.

© 2012 the Daily Sentinel. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

A radio controlled toy (or RC toy) is a toy that is steerable with the use of radio control. All types of vehicles imaginable have had RC systems installed in them, including cars, boats, planes, and even helicopters and scale railway locomotives. RC electronics have three essential elements. the transmitter is the controller. Transmitters have control sticks, triggers, switches, and dials at the user’s finger tips. the receiver is mounted in the model. it receives and processes the signal from the transmitter, translating it into signals that are sent to the servos. the number of servos in a model determines the number of channels the radio must provide. Typically the transmitter multiplexes all the channels into a single pulse position modulation radio signal. the receiver demodulates and demultiplexes the signal and translates it to the special kind of pulse width modulation used by standard RC servos.

There are thousands of RC vehicles available. Most are toys suitable for children. What separates toy grade RC from hobby grade RC is the modular characteristic of the standard RC equipment. RC toys generally have simplified circuits, often with the receiver and servos incorporated into one circuit. It’s almost impossible to take that particular toy circuit and transplant it into other RCs.

Hobby grade RC systems have modular designs. Many cars, boats, and aircraft can accept equipment from different manufacturers, so it is possible to take RC equipment from a car and install it into a boat, for example. however, moving the receiver component between aircraft and surface vehicles is illegal in most countries as radio frequency laws allocate separate bands for air and surface models. this is done for safety reasons. Most manufacturers now offer frequency modules that simply plug into the back of their transmitters, allowing one to change frequencies, and even bands, at will. Some of these modules are capable of synthesizing many different channels within their assigned band.

Hobby grade models can be fine tuned, unlike most toy grade models. For example, cars often allow toe in, camber and caster angle adjustments, just like their real life counterparts. All modern computer radios allow each function to be adjusted over several parameters for ease in setup and adjustment of the model. Many of these transmitters are capable of mixing several functions at once, which is required for some models.

In the 1980s, a Japanese electronics company, Futaba, copied wheeled steering for RC cars. it was originally developed by Orbit for a transmitter specially designed for associated cars it has been widely accepted along with a trigger control for throttle. Often configured for right hand users, the transmitter looks like a pistol with a wheel attached on its right side. Pulling the trigger would accelerate the car forward, while pushing it would either stop the car or cause it to go into reverse. Some models are available in left handed versions.

Internal combustion engines for remote control models have typically been two stroke engines that run on specially blended fuel. Engine sizes are typically given in cm or cubic inches, ranging from tiny engines like these .02 cubic inches to huge 1.60 cubic inches or larger. For even larger sizes, many modelers turn to four stroke or gasoline engines. Glow plug engines have an ignition device that possesses a platinum wire coil in the glow plug, that catalytically glows in the presence of the methanol in glow engine fuel, providing the combustion source.

Electric power is often the chosen form of power for aircraft, cars and boats. Electric power in aircraft in particular has become popular recently, mainly due to the popularity of park flyers and the development of technologies like brush less motors and lithium polymer batteries. These allow electric motors to produce much more power rivaling that of fuel powered engines. it is also relatively simple to increase the torque of an electric motor at the expense of speed, while it is much less common to do so with a fuel engine, perhaps due to its roughness. this permits a more efficient larger diameter propeller to be used which provides more thrust at lower air speeds.

Gasoline powered vehicles, also known as fuelies or gassers, run on a mix of gasoline and oil. they cost much more than electric cars. they are also much bigger and therefore require much more space to run. they do not usually have as high top end speeds but have lots of power and do not take a lot of fuel to run. Over time the cost of a gas powered car can be less than some nitro powered vehicles, because of the high cost of nitro fuel and buying new nitro engines to replace worn-out ones. in addition, gas powered motors rarely if ever require tuning and have a very long lifespan. These large scale models have been popular in Europe for over a decade and have recently become very popular in the US thanks to companies like HPI Racing producing affordable high quality models locally.

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Calcutta News.NetThursday 8th December, 2011 Tweet

The list of Karnataka’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders being probed is growing with investigations now beginning against speaker of the state assembly K.G. Bopaiah over funds misuse.Police attached to the office of the Lokayukta (ombudsman) Thursday registered an FIR (first information report), marking the start of a formal probe, against Bopaiah at Madikeri, the main town of Kodagu district, about 250 km from Bangalore.Bopaiah hails from Kodagu and is alleged to have misused Rs.40 lakh meant for development of a lake in the district in 2006-07. Bopaiah is from Virajpet constituency in the district.Bopaiah is the eighth BJP leader in Karnataka to be investigated by the Lokayukta police. The list is headed by party’s first chief minister B. S. Yeddyurappa, who quit July 31 following indictment in the illegal mining scam.The others include former ministers Katta Subramanya Naidu and S.N. Krishnaiah Shetty as well as present ministers R. Ashoka (home), Murugesh Nirani (industries) and V. Somanna (housing).The most controversial BJP leader and former minister Gali Janardhana Reddy, a mining baron from Bellary, 300 km north of Bangalore, has been in Hyderabad’s Chanchalaguda jail since Sep 5 in connection with illegal mining case in Andhra Pradesh.The Lokayukta police registered the FIR against Bopaiah on the directive of the district and sessions judge Ashok Nijagannanavar on a complaint filed by Congress Zilla Parishad (district council) member Saritha Poonacha Dec 2.Bopaiah is also facing a no-trust motion moved by the Congress on the ground that he has not been impartial in conducting the assembly proceedings. The motion is likely to be discussed in the assembly Dec 14 or 15, according to Bopaiah. The assembly’s 12-day winter session began in Bangalore Dec 5. 

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